Workplace Relations in Thailand

American Chamber of Commerce in Thailand 12 February 2016  Annual HR/Legal Update High Level Guidance on Thai Labor Law 1.       Generally The climate for workplace relations in Thailand is generally stable and hence favorable for foreign investors. Large-scale, acrimonious labor disputes …

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Permission Now Required For Supreme Court Appeals

Unlike the Supreme Court in the U.S., Thailand’s Supreme Court has provided a right of appeal for most cases heard by the Thailand’s lower courts. In particular, any factual issue heard by the Court of Appeals would be entitled to …

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Amendments to Trade Competition Act Approved by Cabinet

Thailand’s Trade Competition Act (TCA) has been labeled an unenforceable law since it went into effect in 1999, as there have no been no prosecutions under the TCA. But on 2 February 2016 the Cabinet approved draft amendments to the …

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New Article on Anti-Corruption Law in Thailand

Corruption has much the same effect on the development of a nation that cancer has on the life of a biological organism. Recognizing this, Thailand has various laws criminalizing corruption, recently enacted new anti-corruption laws and plans to expand the …

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Government Aims to Further Promote SMEs

In addition to its recent tax incentives targeting small and medium-size entities (SMEs) as reported here, the Thai government, through the Small and Medium Enterprise Promotion Committee, approved a nearly 2 billion THB budget to finance SME related projects. As …

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Tax Incentives Offered to Qualifying SMEs

Thailand has an estimated 2.8 million small and medium size entities (SMEs), with many having multiple financial accounts and which use with the smallest one used in order to understate tax liability. Effective as of 1 January, 2016, SMEs and …

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Siriwans Claim Innocence

The Bangkok Post reported on 9 November 2015 that: “[f]ormer Tourism Authority of Thailand governor Juthamas Siriwan and her daughter on Monday plead innocent at the Criminal Court to bribery charges in the Bangkok International Film Festival scandal.” Over five years …

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Telecommunications Overview

Up until relatively recently, telecommunications in Thailand were mostly operated by the government via state-owned enterprises but increasingly the private sector has come to dominate, with the major state-owned telecom operators – the TOT Plc (formerly the Telephone Organization of Thailand) …

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Amendment to Machinery Registration Act

The Act amends the Machinery Registration Act B.E. 2514 (1971), as amended by the Machinery Registration Act (No. 2) B.E. 2530 (1987), by: allowing private individuals who are duly licensed by the Central Machinery Registrar to inspect machinery in connection …

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DBD Goes Paperless for Financial Statement Filings

As part of their annual corporate compliance requirements, Thai private limited companies have been required to file a copy of their audited financial statements along with a form Sor Bor Chor 3 with the Department of Business Development (DBD). Starting …

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Amendments to the Building Control Act

The Building Control Act,  B.E. 2522 (1979) (the BCA) has been amended by the Building Control Act (No.5), which took effect on 28 August 2015. The most significant change concerns the liability of a building owner who does not provide building insurance …

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Expansion of Thai Anti-Corruption Laws

Recent amendments to the Organic Act on Counter Corruption, B.E. 2542 (the “Organic Act”) have expanded the scope of Thai anti-corruption laws (the “Amendments”). The provisions of the Amendments that are most important or have received the most press concern: …

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Single Shareholder Companies in Thailand?

Thai law historically required that a Thai private limited company have at least seven shareholders. In 2008, a change in the law reduced the minimum number of shareholders to three. However, even this reduced requirement can create problems for foreign …

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Service of Process in Thailand and the U.S.

Civil lawsuits in most jurisdictions and cases start by filing a document often referred to as a complaint and then “serving” a copy of that document (and perhaps other documents) on the defendant. This is certainly true in Thailand and …

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What a Difference Discovery Makes

Discovery under the U.S. federal and state law is broad, providing plaintiffs with a variety of tools to assemble evidence for their cases, such as depositions, requests for production of documents, subpoenas, and interrogatories (written questions) and requests for admissions. …

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Service of Process – Thailand vs. U.S.

Civil lawsuits in almost jurisdictions and cases start by filing a document often referred to as a complaint and then “serving” a copy of that document (and perhaps other documents) on the defendant. This is certainly true in Thailand and …

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Are There Limits To The Creeping Extraterritorial Application Of U.S. Law?

In May 2015, the U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ), in connection with investigations by the Federal Bureau of Investigation and the Internal Revenue Service Criminal Investigation Division, indicted fourteen people in connection with wire fraud, racketeering and money laundering as …

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Are There Limits To The Creeping Extraterritorial Application Of U.S. Law?

In May 2015, the U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ), in connection with investigations by the Federal Bureau of Investigation and the Internal Revenue Service Criminal Investigation Division, indicted fourteen people in connection with wire fraud, racketeering and money laundering as …

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Thailand Tackles Transfer Pricing

On May 7, 2015, the Cabinet approved amendments to the Thai Revenue Code aimed to clarify Thailand’s position on transfer pricing.  Previously, the only guidance on transfer pricing has come more informally in via Revenue Department instructions (namely, Departmental Instruction …

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What is the Department of Industrial Works

The Department of Industrial Works (DIW) (กรมโรงงานอุตสาหกรรม) is a department under the supervision of the Thai Ministry of Industry (MOI). When the MOI was spun off from the Ministry of Commerce in 1942, the DIW was one of the first …

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What is the Thai Customs Department

Tax and duty collection in Thailand dates back to the Sukhothai period and continued throughout the Adyudhaya and Rattanakosin periods.  A new era of Thai Customs commenced in 1874 during the reign of King Rama IV and the “Customs House” …

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Thai Courts Open To Class Action Litigation

Thailand’s National Legislative Assembly has enacted legislation amending the Civil Procedure Code to permit class action litigation that will take effect 240 days after publication in the Government Gazette.  Generally speaking, a class action is a type of collective litigation …

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New Mortgage Laws Impose Hurdles For Mortgagees

Mortgages in Thailand may be granted over most any kind of immovable property provided that they are in writing and registered with the appropriate authority. Mortgages over real property are perhaps the most common form of mortgage, and Thai subsidiaries …

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New Obstacles For Creditors Seeking Guarantees From Thailand

A bill proposed by Thailand’s National Council for Peace and Order (NCPO), which has since been approved by the National Legislative Assembly (NLA), reduces the potential liabilities faced by persons in Thailand providing guarantees or mortgaging their real property for …

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New Article on Class Action Lawsuits

Please see our new article highlighting new legislation providing for class action lawsuits in Thailand here. For more information on litigation and dispute resolution in general, please see the knowledge section of our website here.

Thai Immigration Cracks Down on Visa Overstays

Foreigners who stay in Thailand beyond the period prescribed in their d visas may now effectively be “blacklisted” from re-entering Thailand either temporarily or permanently, depending on the length of their overstay and whether the overstay is voluntarily admitted to …

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Thai Customs Department Implements Amnesty Program

The Thai Customs Department has recently set up an amnesty program referred to as the Voluntary Audit Program (VAP), inviting entities that may have inadvertently underpaid import duties to pay such duties without any additional surcharge or penalty that would …

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Revenue Department Targets Tax Dodgers

Facing tax revenues short of target, the Thai Revenue Department has announced it will launch investigations into possible income tax evasion. As reported in the Bangkok Post, the investigations will focus on owners of residential properties worth 40 million THB …

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What is the BOI?

Thailand’s Board of Investment (BOI) is a Thai government agency established to promote investment in a wide range of targeted business activities in Thailand. It provides investment information and services for investors, and grants various incentives and promotions for company projects …

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What is the Department of Intellectual Property?

The Department of Intellectual Property (the “DIP”) (in Thai: กรมทรัพย์สินทางปัญญา) is the government agency responsible for intellectual property (IP) matters, from creation to commercialization to protection against and suppression of IP violation to human resource development and to investment. To …

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What is the Land Department?

The Land Department (in Thai: กรมที่ดิน) is the government agency responsible for issuance of land title deeds, registration of real estate transactions in Thailand and land topography and cartography matters. As a matter of legal formality and for the legal …

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Summary of International Road Carriage Act

The International Road Carriage Act B.E. 2556 (the “IRC Act”) is a new law on international land transport that will become effective on 18 March 2014 (90 days after its publication in the Royal Gazette).  The IRC Act does not …

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Personal Tax Rate Reduction Approved by Royal Decree

The Thai Cabinet approved a bill to reduce personal income tax rates, as previously reported on our site here. The bill provides that the new rates will be retroactive starting January 1, 2013.  Recognizing that the bill would not be …

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What is the Tourism Authority of Thailand (TAT)?

Tourism plays a very important part in the Thai economy, accounting for roughly 6% of the country’s GDP. And despite the difficulties in recent years,the clear long term trend has been for significant increases in the number of foreign tourists …

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New Article on the Department of Business Development

Access our new article providing information on the Department of Business Development (DBD), probably one of the most important departments for business persons doing business in Thailand, by clicking here. The Corporate/M&A and Investment Related Laws sections of the Knowledge part of our …

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What is the DBD?

The Department of Business Development (the “DBD”) (in Thai: กรมพัฒนาธุรกิจการค้า) is one of the Thai government agencies that most Thais and foreigners doing businesses in Thailand have to deal with most frequently. This article explains, in a nutshell, what the …

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ASEAN Capital Market Integration Moves A Step Forward

On 1 October the ASEAN Capital Markets Forum announced that the securities regulators for Thailand, Malaysia and Singapore have signed a Memorandum of Understanding to establish a framework for cross-border offerings of collective investment schemes (“CIS”) for implementation in the …

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Optimism About Tackling Corruption in Thailand

A professor from the U.S. recently authored an article that set out some concrete measures that Thailand could employ to tackle corruption.  In a 17 October 2013 article for the Bangkok Post, Professor Robert Klitgaard  – called the “world’s leading expert on …

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“Black Hole” of Corruption Looms in Thailand

Former Asean secretary-general and Thai foreign minister Surin Pitsuwan says “corruption threatens to turn Thailand into an investment “black hole” of Asean as it makes doing business in the country far too costly”, according to a front page article in the …

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New List of Hazardous Substances Published in Royal Gazette

The Ministry of Industry issued a new list of hazardous substances under the Hazardous Substances Act B.E. 2535 on 28 August 2013 (published in the Royal Gazette on 27 September 2013 and effective from 28 September 2013).  This new list (which …

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Proposed bill to clamp down on illegal foreign land ownership

In a move to prevent foreigners from illegally holding land in Thailand through Thai nominees, the Office of the Ombudsman proposes to submit the draft bill to be considered by parliament, reports the Bangkok Post. Ombudsman Siracha Charoenpanij says the …

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Immigration Bureau’s latest announcement on visa validity

On 26 August 2013, the Immigration Bureau announced that, with immediate effect, long-term visa applications which have been approved will only be valid up to the expiry date of the applicant’s passport.  Where the applicant’s passport validity expires before the …

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Are Your IP Assets Giving You a Competitive Advantage in Thailand?

Intellectual property (IP) is increasingly recognized as a valuable, intangible asset that can give companies a competitive edge.  To best harness and exploit IP assets, however, it is essential to first identify the company’s IP assets and protect them appropriately. …

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New Movement in Proposed Personal Income Tax Reduction

In December 2012, the Thai government proposed changes in personal income tax rates to be effective for the 2013 tax year, with the effect of increasing net disposable income for many taxpayers.   Until recently, no bill on this matter …

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New Article on Recent Amendments to Thailand’s Anti-Money Laundering Act Available

Access our new article discussing the February 2013 amendments to Thailand’s Anti-Money Laundering Act by clicking here. The Anti-Corruption section of the Knowledge part of our website contains additional articles and news items on developments in Thai anti-corruption law, the U.S. …

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Land Department Establishes New Branch Offices

  Thailand's Land Department has established new branch and sub-branch offices in several provinces as follows: New Branches: Nakhon Ratchasima (Korat) Nakhon Sawan Nakhon Si Thammarat Nan Ratchaburi Samut Prakan Yasothon. New Sub-branches: Buriram Sakon Nakhon Surin Trang As of …

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Sentencing Alternatives to Imprisonment Available to Thai Courts

Following recent regulations issued under Thailand’s Criminal Procedures Code, Thai courts have new flexibility in sentencing for criminal cases.  As an alternative to imposing a prison sentence, Judges may in their discretion elect to restrict the travel and location of …

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Hazardous Substances List Revoked by Supreme Administrative Court

The Supreme Administrative Court (SAC) has rendered a judgment revoking the Ministry of Industry's List of Hazardous Substances of 2003 (which contains over one thousand restricted chemicals), together with amendments made to the list in 2004. While the final judgment was …

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Securities Business Now Open To Foreign Participation

Thailand’sForeign Business Act (FBA) generally restricts foreign owned businesses from engaging in any “service business” without first obtaining a foreign business license or qualifying under another exemption (more information on the restrictions on foreign owned businesses under the FBA can be …

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Treatment of Unrestricted Activities under the Foreign Business Act

Foreign investors in Thailand normally become familiar with the restrictions imposed by the three annexes under Thailand's Foreign Business Act B.E. 2542 (FBA) early in their planning process. The annexes list approximately 50 types of businesses (or "restricted activities") where …

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Securities Businesses No Longer Off Limits to Foreigners Under Foreign Business Act

Under Thailand’s Foreign Business Act (FBA), foreigners are generally not permitted to own service businesses in Thailand without first obtaining a foreign business license or qualifying under another exemption.   On 18 March 2013, however, the Ministry of Commerce issued regulations …

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Annual Fire Drills Required Of All Employers

New Regulations on fire prevention under Thailand's Occupational Safety Act of 2011 require all employers to hold annual fire drills involving their employees. Within 30 days of each drill, the employer must submit a report to the Department of Labor …

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Japan Announces it Will Join TPP Negotiations. Thailand?

"Prime Minister Shinzo Abe plans to announce on Friday Japan's intention to join negotiations for an ambitious trans-Pacific free-trade pact, a move that launches the final—and possibly most important—phase of his economic agenda: long-term growth strategies", reports the 14 March …

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Institutional Investors Throw Their Weight Behind Thailand’s Anti-Corruption Efforts

Top institutional investors in Thailand have announced that they will collaborate on encouraging good corporate governance and anti-corruption efforts among Thai listed companies by focusing investment in those companies with proven transparency and anti-corruption track records.  On the influential corruption …

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Fitch Updgrades Thailand’s Credit Rating

On 8 March 2013, Fitch upgraded Thailand's long term foreign denominated currency debt one level to BBB+ from BBB.  According to a statement from Bloomberg: "That is three levels above junk and brings it line with Standard and Poor's and Moody's …

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2013 Expected To Be A Record For IPOs

  As the benchmark SET index continues to reach record highs, 2013 is expected to be a record year for IPOs according to the Stock Exchange of Thailand.   Newly listed companies on Thailand's SET and Market for Alternative Investment (MAI) …

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Thai Officials Say FTA with EU will be Concluded in Less than Two Years

A "Thai government delegation [to Europe]" announced that a "Thai-EU free trade agreement will be concluded in less than two years, as part of Thailand's commitment towards free trade and competitiveness enhancement" (bolded for emphasis), a 7 March 2013 front page cover story …

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Thailand being removed from the FTAF “grey list”

In February 2012, the intergovernmental Financial Action Task Force (FATF) added Thailand to its “grey list” of countries due to its failure to take adequate steps against money laundering and terrorist financing by not enforcing its existing anti-money laundering laws.  …

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BOI Soliciting Suggestions on New Investment Policy

Thailand’s Board of Investment (BOI) is soliciting recommendations through 28 February 2013 on a new investment policy for the BOI.  You can submit your suggestions by clicking here. The BOI provides investment promotion incentives to foreign and Thai businesses investing in certain designated activities.  …

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22 Firms Found to be Violating Foreign Ownership Rules

The Bangkok Post reports that: “[t]wenty-two firms operating in five tourism provinces – Phuket, Surat Thani, Krabi, Prachup Khiri Khan and Chon Buri – have been alleged to use nominees for their foreign shareholders” according to the Thai Ministry of Commerce. The article says: Deputy …

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Thailand Expected to See Strong Growth in Industrial and Property Sectors in 2013

Trade organizations and business leaders are saying that Thailand's industrial and property sectors will see strong growth in 2013.  For example, the Bangkok Post quotes Payungsak Chartsutthipol, chairman of the Federation of Thai Industries, as saying: [t]he outlook for the domestic industrial …

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5% Growth Rate Predicted for Thailand in 2013

Thailand's Fiscal Policy Office (FPO), Ministry of Finance, is predicting around 5% growth in 2013.  The FPO's Thailand’s Economic Outlook Projection 2012 and 2013 states that the Thai economy rebounded faster from the floods in 2011 than expected and will have a …

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Cabinet Considering Cuts To Personal Tax Rates

The Thai Cabinet announced on 18 December 2012 that it is considering cuts to personal income tax rates for 2013.  The current rates are set out here.  A graphic provided provided in the Bangkok Post depicts the changes, but in brief …

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8-9% Export Growth Target Set for Thailand

Thailand's Ministry of Commerce (MOC) has set a target of 8-9% export growth in 2013.  The MOC says growth in 2013 will be primarily driven by expansion in shipments of automobiles, electrical appliances, rubber products, construction raw materials, canned and processed …

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Expanded Tax Exemptions for Provident Fund Distributions

Employees under 55 who participate in their employer's provident fund will be exempt from income tax with respect to any amounts maintained in such fund upon resignation, provided that such amounts remain in the provident fund until the employee reaches …

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New SEC Form for Employee Stock Offerings by Foreign Parents

Many foreign parent companies of Thai subsidiaries offer securities of the parent company (e.g., ESOPs, ESPPs, etc.) to the  employees of its subsidiaries in Thailand. Often employers are not aware that their foreign employee stock plans are subject to regulation by the …

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NBTC finally hands out 3G licences

The three 3G bid winners – TRUE, AIS and DTAC – have now officially picked up their long-awaited licences and vowed to kick off full commercial high-speed broadband service in Bangkok and some major provinces early next year, reports the …

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TPI’s Corruption Perception Score for Thailand – About the Same as Last Year

Every year Transparency International compiles information from different surveys and indices to create its now famous corruption perceptions index (CPI).  Considering that CPI scores and rankings are a rough proxies for actual corruption, Thailand's position has not changed much.  Last …

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FBA License approvals up 25 percent

Through the first eight months of 2012, approvals for foreign business licenses under the Foreign Business Act (FBA) were up 25 percent compared to the first eight months of 2011, according to an article in The Nation. A total of 218 approvals …

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Hearing on Siriwans’ Motion to Dismiss Indictment – Continued with Scheduled Additional Briefing

The motion by Juthamas Siriwan, the former Governor-General of the Tourism Authority of Thailand, and her daughter, Jittisopa Siriwan, (the "Siriwans") to dismiss the U.S. indictment against them on money laundering related charges had been set for hearing on 29 November …

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3G Auction Probe

  The National Broadcasting and Telecommunications Commission (NBTC) is conducting a probe into alleged collusion in the bidding process of its own 3G auction, reports the Bangkok Post. AIS, DTAC and TRUE, the three bidders and winners in the 3G auction, …

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Shift in BOI Policy to Affect Many Types of Businesses

The Thai Board of Investment (BOI) intends to change the criteria it uses to identify projects eligible for promotional privileges, eliminating privileges for some types of projects while extending privileges to other types of projects.  The BOI provides promotional privileges to companies engaged in projects …

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Technology to Battle Corruption: Bribe Captured on Videotape

Technology is increasingly being used to battle corruption.  In India, there is now a website called "I paid a Bribe", where people can name and shame officials that have required them to pay bribes.  In the U.S., new applications have been developed …

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Will DTAC skip 3G and go straight to 4G?

The Bangkok Post reports that DTAC has said it will halt expansion of its existing 3G service and prepare its network for 4G if it wins licences for spectrum at the 3G auction on October 16. DTAC's CEO, Jon Eddy Abdullah, earlier proposed …

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3G broadband auction

  The deadline for companies wanting to participate in the 3G spectrum auction ended on 28 September. The Bangkok Post reported that although 7 companies from 11 groups had collected 3G application forms, it is nonetheless widely expected by industry observers that only …

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Foreign Employee Stock Plans – New Article

It is increasingly popular for companies to offer their own securities to existing employees as part of their incentive programs….Foreign employee stock plans of this nature are subject to regulation by the Securities and Exchange Commission of Thailand (SEC). Under …

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Foreign Employee Stock Plans

It is increasingly popular for companies to offer their own securities to existing employees as part of their incentive programs. Not only does this help generate loyalty and motivate employees to feel that they are also owners of the company, …

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Ministry gets tough on factory permits

The Bangkok Post reports that the Industry Ministry is considering what action to take against factories that have constructed plants without permits. An Industry Ministry committee has been reviewing factory permit applications, and has found that 21 projects require further …

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Increase in Foreign Anti-Corruption Prosecutions, but not just by US Authorities and not just Against US Companies.

A progress report by Transparency International on enforcement of the OECD Convention on the Combating of Foreign Public Officials in International Business Transactions (the OECD Convention)  reports increased (but still inadequate) enforcement of foreign anti-corruption laws. The signatories to the OECD …

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NBTC Threatens CAT & TRUE Executives with Jail

  The Bangkok Post reports that an investigative panel of the National Broadcasting and Telecommunications Commission (NBTC) has resolved to file a criminal complaint against BFKT, a subsidiary of TRUE, and CAT for illegally offering 3G wireless broadband services. The NBTC …

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4G Trial

The Bangkok Post reports that two local mobile operators, in alliance with TOT, will launch a 4G wireless broadband trial by the end of the year. Details are somewhat sketchy, and the names of the two firms remain confidential, but according …

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Thai SEC Announces Easing of Private Equity Restrictions

To provide SMEs with more access to funding, the Thai Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) issued a news release saying that private equity is a suitable source of funding for "businesses with high growth potential".   The SEC's news release says: To …

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